Category

Fair Lending

What a Fair Lending Exam Actually Asks For

August 20, 2026 RATA Associates 11 min read

A fair lending examination is more predictable than it feels, because the procedure examiners follow is published. The Interagency Fair Lending Examination Procedures set out how scope is decided, what documents get requested, how a focal point is chosen, how files are compared, and what an institution's explanation has to establish to resolve a finding. If you know that sequence, you can assemble most of what will be asked for before it is asked for. This article walks the sequence in order. It is the counterpart to our guide to running a self-assessment, which covers testing yourself. This one covers what happens when someone else does the testing. The document, and which agencies use it The procedures were issued in August 2009 by the OCC, the FDIC, the Federal Reserve Board, the…

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Fair Servicing: What Examiners Test in Servicing Data, and How to Test It First

August 20, 2026 RATA Associates 12 min read

Fair lending examination does not stop at the credit decision. A servicer that grants a forbearance to one borrower and denies it to a similarly situated borrower on a prohibited basis has a fair lending problem, even though no application was declined and nothing about it will ever appear on a HMDA loan application register. The CFPB instructs its examiners to test for precisely this. The data they need to do it does not live in your LAR. This article covers what those servicing decisions are, why origination-side testing cannot see them, and how the statistical methodology used on application data transfers to servicing data. It is also specific about where that methodology stops transferring cleanly, because that is the part most treatments of this topic skip. What fair servicing…

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Fair Lending Self-Assessment: A Step-by-Step Guide for 2026

March 2, 2026 RATA Associates 6 min read
Fair Lending Self-Assessment: A Step-by-Step Guide for 2026

Fair lending compliance isn't just about passing your next exam—it's about ensuring your institution treats every applicant fairly and consistently. A thorough self-assessment helps you identify potential issues before examiners do, demonstrate proactive risk management, and protect your institution from costly enforcement actions. This guide walks you through conducting a comprehensive fair lending self-assessment using the same methodology regulators use when they examine your institution. Why Conduct a Fair Lending Self-Assessment? The regulatory agencies—OCC, FDIC, Federal Reserve, NCUA, and CFPB—expect financial institutions to have robust fair lending compliance programs. A self-assessment demonstrates that you're not just reactive to problems, but proactively…

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CFPB takes action against Nationstar Mortgage for flawed mortgage loan reporting

March 15, 2017 RATA Associates 5 min read
CFPB takes action against Nationstar Mortgage for flawed mortgage loan reporting

Bureau's $1.75 Million Civil Penalty for Persistent and Substantial Reporting Errors is the CFPB's Largest Penalty to Date for HMDA Violations  WASHINGTON, D.C. — The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) today ordered Nationstar Mortgage LLC to pay a $1.75 million civil penalty for violating the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) by consistently failing to report accurate data about mortgage transactions for 2012 through 2014. Today's action is the largest HMDA civil penalty imposed by the Bureau to date, which stems from Nationstar's market size, the substantial magnitude of its errors, and its history of previous violations. In fact, Nationstar had been on notice since 2011 of HMDA compliance problems. In addition to paying the civil penalty, Nationstar must take the…

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CFPB Takes Action Against Fifth Third Bank for Auto-Lending Discrimination and Illegal Credit Card Practices

September 28, 2015 RATA Associates 9 min read
CFPB Takes Action Against Fifth Third Bank for Auto-Lending Discrimination and Illegal Credit Card Practices

Company to Pay $18 Million to Minority Auto Borrowers, $3 Million to Credit Card Customers

WASHINGTON, D.C. – Today the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) announced two separate actions against Fifth Third Bank, for discriminatory auto loan pricing and for illegal credit card practices. The joint CFPB and Department of Justice (DOJ) auto-lending enforcement action requires Fifth Third to change its pricing and compensation system to minimize the risks of discrimination, and to pay $18 million to harmed African-American and Hispanic borrowers. The CFPB's action against Fifth Third's deceptive marketing of credit card add-on products requires the bank to provide an estimated $3 million in relief to eligible harmed consumers and pay a $500,000 penalty.

Facts from the CFPB and DOJ consent orders announced September 2015 against Fifth Third Bank, as cited in this article.
InstitutionRegulator(s)ViolationPenaltyPeriod coveredHMDA/fair-lending data field involved
Fifth Third BankCFPB, DOJDiscriminatory auto loan pricing — violated the Equal Credit Opportunity Act by charging African-American and Hispanic borrowers higher dealer markups than non-Hispanic white borrowers, without regard to creditworthiness$18 million to harmed African-American and Hispanic borrowers ($12 million into a settlement fund, plus credit of $5–$6 million for remediation already provided, with any additional funds paid in to reach $18 million total); no penalty assessed for this actionJanuary 2010 through September 2015Dealer markup on auto loan interest rate (race and national origin)
Fifth Third BankCFPBDeceptive marketing and sales of "Debt Protection" credit card add-on product, in violation of the Dodd-Frank Act$3 million in relief to roughly 24,500 customers, plus a $500,000 penalty to the CFPB civil penalty fund2007 through February 2013 (fulfillment kit misrepresentations from December 2011 through September 2012)

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