Fair Lending

Every fair lending and CRA software evaluation starts the same way: a shortlist of vendors, a run of demos that all look competent, and a decision that has to be defended internally on something firmer than which interface felt nicer. The difficulty is that the differences between these products are mostly invisible in a demo. They show up eighteen months later, in an examination, when someone asks how a number was produced and the honest answer turns out to be that nobody knows. This is a guide to testing for that in advance. It is written from our side of the table — we sell one of these products — so treat the last section as the interested party it is. The first five are the questions we would ask any vendor in this category, including ourselves. What does fair lending…

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A fair lending examination is more predictable than it feels, because the procedure examiners follow is published. The Interagency Fair Lending Examination Procedures set out how scope is decided, what documents get requested, how a focal point is chosen, how files are compared, and what an institution's explanation has to establish to resolve a finding. If you know that sequence, you can assemble most of what will be asked for before it is asked for. This article walks the sequence in order. It is the counterpart to our guide to running a self-assessment, which covers testing yourself. This one covers what happens when someone else does the testing. The document, and which agencies use it The procedures were issued in August 2009 by the OCC, the FDIC, the Federal Reserve Board, the…

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Fair lending examination does not stop at the credit decision. A servicer that grants a forbearance to one borrower and denies it to a similarly situated borrower on a prohibited basis has a fair lending problem, even though no application was declined and nothing about it will ever appear on a HMDA loan application register. The CFPB instructs its examiners to test for precisely this. The data they need to do it does not live in your LAR. This article covers what those servicing decisions are, why origination-side testing cannot see them, and how the statistical methodology used on application data transfers to servicing data. It is also specific about where that methodology stops transferring cleanly, because that is the part most treatments of this topic skip. What fair servicing…

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Fair lending compliance is not only about passing your next exam. It is about being able to show that your institution treats every applicant consistently, and being able to show it with evidence you generated yourself rather than evidence an examiner generated for you. A thorough self-assessment identifies potential issues before examiners do, demonstrates proactive risk management, and protects the institution from enforcement actions that begin as findings nobody looked for. This guide walks through a comprehensive fair lending self-assessment using the same methodology regulators use when they examine an institution. The ten steps are in the order an examiner would work through them, which is also the order in which each step's output becomes the input to the next. Why Conduct a…

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Bureau's $1.75 Million Civil Penalty for Persistent and Substantial Reporting Errors is the CFPB's Largest Penalty to Date for HMDA Violations  WASHINGTON, D.C. — The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) today ordered Nationstar Mortgage LLC to pay a $1.75 million civil penalty for violating the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) by consistently failing to report accurate data about mortgage transactions for 2012 through 2014. Today's action is the largest HMDA civil penalty imposed by the Bureau to date, which stems from Nationstar's market size, the substantial magnitude of its errors, and its history of previous violations. In fact, Nationstar had been on notice since 2011 of HMDA compliance problems. In addition to paying the civil penalty, Nationstar must take the…

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